Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta mao tse-tung. Mostrar todas as mensagens
Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta mao tse-tung. Mostrar todas as mensagens

segunda-feira, 10 de junho de 2013

I'm here, feel close, be strong!




"We should rid our ranks of all impotent thinking. All views that overestimate the strength of the enemy and underestimate the strength of the people are wrong."

Mao Zedong  "The Present Situation and Our Tasks" (December 25, 1947), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 173.


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“To be nobody but yourself in a world which is doing its best day and night to make you like everybody else means to fight the hardest battle which any human being can fight and never stop fighting.” E.E. Cummings
 

Ah! The missing link: Mao partilhava a visão de Nietzsche, o Übermensch


Deste excelente artigo:

"(...) Mao goes even a step further and moves beyond humanity itself, forecasting, in a proto-Nietzschean way, the "overcoming" of man.


"The life of dialectics is the continuous movement toward opposites. Mankind will also finally meet its doom. When the theologians talk about doomsday, they are pessimistic and terrify people. We say the end of mankind is something which will produce something more advanced than mankind. Mankind is still in its infancy."

- and, even more, the rise of (some) animals themselves (what we consider today as exclusively human) level of consciousness:


"In the future, animals will continue to develop. I don't believe that men alone are capable of having two hands. Can't horses, cows, sheep evolve? Can only monkeys evolve? And can it be, moreover, that of all the monkeys only one species can evolve, and all the others are incapable of evolving? In a million years, ten million years, will horses, cows and sheep still be the same as those today? I think they will continue to change. Horses, cows, sheep, and insects will all change."

Two things should be added to this "cosmic perspective"; first, one should remember that Mao is here talking to the inner circle of party ideologists. This is what accounts for the tone of sharing a secret not to be rendered public, as if Mao is divulging his "secret teaching" - and, effectively, Mao's speculations closely echo the so-called "bio-cosmism," the strange combination of vulgar materialism and Gnostic spirituality which formed occult shadow-ideology, the obscene secret teaching, of the Soviet Marxism. Repressed out of the public sight in the central period of the Soviet state, bio-cosmism was openly propagated only in the first and in the last two decades of the Soviet rule; its main theses are: the goals of religion (collective paradise, overcoming of all suffering, full individual immortality, resurrection of the dead, victory over time and death, conquest of space far beyond the solar system) can be realized in terrestrial life through the development of modern science and technology. In the future, not only will sexual difference be abolished, with the rise of chaste post-humans reproducing themselves through direct bio-technical reproduction; it will also be possible to resurrect all the dead of the past (establishing their biological formula through their remains and then re-engendering them - at that time, DNA was not yet known...), thus even erasing all past injustices, "undoing" past suffering and destruction. In this bright bio-political Communist future, not only humans, but also animals, all living being, will participate in a directly collectivized Reason of the cosmos... Whatever one can hold against Lenin's ruthless critique of Maxim Gorky's the "construction of God (bogograditelk'stvo)," the direct deification of man, one should bear in mind that Gorky himself collaborated with bio-cosmists. It is interesting to note resemblances between this "bio-cosmism" and today's techno-gnosis. - Second, this "cosmic perspective" is for Mao not just an irrelevant philosophical caveat; it has precise ethico-political consequences. When Mao high-handedly dismisses the threat of the atomic bomb, he is not down-playing the scope of the danger - he is fully aware that nuclear war may led to the extinction of humanity as such, so, to justify his defiance, he has to adopt the "cosmic perspective" from which the end of life on Earth "would hardly mean anything to the universe as a whole":


"The United States cannot annihilate the Chinese nation with its small stack of atom bombs. Even if the U.S. atom bombs were so powerful that, when dropped on China, they would make a hole right through the earth, or even blow it up, that would hardly mean anything to the universe as a whole, though it might be a major event for the solar system."

This "cosmic perspective" also grounds Mao's dismissive attitude towards the human costs of economic and political endeavors. If one is to believe Mao's latest biography, he caused the greatest famine in history by exporting food to Russia to buy nuclear and arms industries: 38 million people were starved and slave-driven to death in 1958-61. Mao knew exactly what was happening, saying: "half of China may well have to die." This is instrumental attitude at its most radical: killing as part of a ruthless attempt to realize goal, reducing people to disposable means - and what one should bear in mind is that the Nazi holocaust was NOT the same: the killing of the Jews not part of a rational strategy, but a self-goal, a meticulously planned "irrational" excess (recall the deportation of the last Jews from Greek islands in 1944, just before the German retreat, or the massive use of trains for transporting Jews instead of war materials in 1944). This is why Heidegger is wrong when he reduces holocaust to the industrial production of corpses: it was NOT that, Stalinist Communism was that.(...)"

 
 
 
De certa forma Mao era um "Nietzschean", mas não no sentido que a série de ficção científica Andrómeda deu à palavra, claro, que este pessoal autor de ficção científica é muito inventivo...
 
 
 

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“To be nobody but yourself in a world which is doing its best day and night to make you like everybody else means to fight the hardest battle which any human being can fight and never stop fighting.” E.E. Cummings

A Ordem da Revolução

 

Quem são os teus opressores, os teus abusadores pessoais? Aí está a tua primeira grande revolução. Não procures a tua revolução em clichés, tu conheces bem os(as) teus(tuas) "porcos(as) fascistas" de estimação: são da tua "tribo".
 
A revolução não nasce quando os mais fortes oprimem os mais fracos: a revolução torna-se Destino incontornável quando os oprimidos sentem, no mais íntimo do seu coração, que são melhores e mais fortes que os opressores. E aí são irreversivelmente impelidos pela Vontade de Evoluir para a conquista do poder, a que chamam liberdade.



"Once all struggle is grasped, miracles are possible." Mao Zedong

"Letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the policy for promoting the progress of the arts and the sciences and a flourishing culture in our land." Mao Zedong



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“To be nobody but yourself in a world which is doing its best day and night to make you like everybody else means to fight the hardest battle which any human being can fight and never stop fighting.” E.E. Cummings

sexta-feira, 19 de abril de 2013

Olha a ironia: agora vou ser um "local hero" capitalista... ahah



Photo by Helmut Newton

Pois, um gajo consegue ter uma eficácia de 100% e ajuda uma proprietária a vender uma penthouse em tempo record e só por isso já se está mesmo a ver que terá de ir ao palco daqui a uns tempos... acho que vou arranjar uma desculpa qualquer... malta, please, eu sou mais do tipo filósofo eremita! Bem, se tiver mesmo de ir, num momento contraditório e para me inspirar, vou pensar no(a) proprietário(a) (ou comprador(a) ou arrendatário(a)) mais contraditório(a) que conhecer. Deixa cá ver... hum...


"The essence of humanity's spiritual dilemma is that we evolved genetically to accept one truth and discovered another. Is there a way to erase the dilemma, to resolve the contradictions between the transcendentalist and the empiricist world views?" E. O. Wilson

  
"Contradiction and struggle are universal and absolute, but the methods of resolving contradictions, that is, the forms of struggle, differ according to the differences in the nature of the contradictions. Some contradictions are characterized by open antagonism, others are not. In accordance with the concrete development of things, some contradictions which were originally non-antagonistic develop into antagonistic ones, while others which were originally antagonistic develop into non-antagonistic ones."
"The only way to settle questions of an ideological nature or controversial issues among the people is by the democratic method, the method of discussion, of criticism, of persuasion and education, and not by the method of coercion or repression."
Mao Zedong "On Contradiction" (August 1937), Selected Works

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“To be nobody but yourself in a world which is doing its best day and night to make you like everybody else means to fight the hardest battle which any human being can fight and never stop fighting.” E.E. Cummings

segunda-feira, 18 de março de 2013

Mao Zedong: herói ou vilão?


Não sou maoísta e Mao não faz parte da minha troika, como sabeis. Mas considero-o o maior líder político que alguma vez pisou a Terra e a sua Revolução transformou completamente a China, que neste momento, embora parecendo mais um país com um sistema de capitalismo de Estado, é no entanto uma potência mundial nascida da China de Mao. E principalmente é um país ateu em que a loucura religiosa não entra na política e como tal um dos mais progressistas do mundo.
Não há mulheres de burca nem pessoas a rastejar para santuários nem as milenares filosofias chinesas da passividade e da gentileza "à lá Jesus", têm o peso que tinham. E essa é a grande herança de Mao: um povo ateu, muito menos submisso do que era, com autoestima.
Claro que há muitos trabalhadores mal pagos e os ricos estão cada vez mais ricos e os pobres cada vez mais pobres mas e por cá, não é a mesma coisa? E a China de hoje prova principalmente que há outras formas de organização social com sucesso para além do "sistema democrático anglo-americano-capitalista"

Vem isto a propósito do livro que acabou de ser publicado em Portugal:


Este livro qualifica Mao como o pior assassino que alguma vez passou pela Terra, muito pior que Hitler e Estaline. Só defeitos, um monstro, enfim.

É um livro revisionista e reacionário ao qual o próprio Mao responderia seguramente com esta sua frase:

 “To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing but a good thing."

Quando foi publicado pela primeira vez em 2005 e chegou a vendas de 60.000 em 6 meses no Reino Unido, teve várias críticas menos favoráveis:

"Steve Tsang (University of Oxford) argued that Chang and Halliday "misread sources, use them selectively, use them out of context, or otherwise trim or bend them to cast Mao in an unrelentingly bad light."

David S. G. Goodman, Professor of Contemporary China Studies at the University of Technology, Sydney, wrote in The Pacific Review that Mao: The Unknown Story, like other examples of revisionist histories, implied that there had been "a conspiracy of academics and scholars who have chosen not to reveal the truth." Goodman argued that as popular history the book's style was "extremely polemic" and he was highly critical of Chang and Halliday's methodology and use of sources as well as specific conclusions.

Professor Thomas Bernstein of Columbia University referred to the book as "... a major disaster for the contemporary China field..." because the "scholarship is put at the service of thoroughly destroying Mao's reputation. The result is an equally stupendous number of quotations out of context, distortion of facts and omission of much of what makes Mao a complex, contradictory, and multi-sided leader."


Já quanto à alegação do livro de que as mortalidade sob a liderança de Mao foi uma catástofre, de que morreram milhões às suas mãos, vale a pena ler Noam Chomsky neste artigo de 15 de Fevereiro de 2012:

"China and India have recorded rapid (though highly inegalitarian) growth, but remain very poor countries, with enormous internal problems not faced by the West. China is the world’s major manufacturing center, but largely as an assembly plant for the advanced industrial powers on its periphery and for western multinationals. That is likely to change over time. Manufacturing regularly provides the basis for innovation, often breakthroughs, as is now sometimes happening in China. One example that has impressed western specialists is China’s takeover of the growing global solar panel market, not on the basis of cheap labor but by coordinated planning and, increasingly, innovation.

But the problems China faces are serious. Some are demographic, reviewed in Science, the leading US science weekly. The study shows that mortality sharply decreased in China during the Maoist years, "mainly a result of economic development and improvements in education and health services, especially the public hygiene movement that resulted in a sharp drop in mortality from infectious diseases." This progress ended with the initiation of the capitalist reforms 30 years ago, and the death rate has since increased.


Para formar a minha opinião sobre Mao Zedong, três factos são muito importantes:

1 - Um jovem chinês, morador numa cidade relativamente pequena e que encontrei aleatóriamente no chatroulette, à minha pergunta "How do you people feel there about Mao Zedong?" respondeu imediatamente "It is our Hero!"



2 - Outro facto revelador é que as pessoas trouxeram Mao de novo para a rua, de forma espontânea, nas manifestações chinesas de Setembro de 2012, contra o Japão. Isso perturbou um pouco o partido comunista chinês, para o qual Mao ainda é visto como Deng Xiaoping o via:

"China's senior leader, Deng Xiaoping, was reported to have said in 1978, ''We will never do to Mao what the Soviets did to Stalin,'' and the official verdict remains that Mao was 70 percent correct and 30 percent wrong."

Mas a verdade é que foi Mao que transformou a passividade tradicional chinesa perante os abusos do estrangeiro - como por exemplo as vergonhosas Guerras do Ópio em que o Reino Unido imperialista e arrogante, qual traficante de droga, impôs o "livre comércio" do seu ópio na China, através das armas, drogando no processo milhões de chineses e roubando Hong Kong - num espírito lutador que conseguiu vencer os japoneses. Isso é algo que geração após geração os chineses não esquecem.

2ª Guerra do Ópio (1856-1860)

Manifestantes trazem Mao para a rua em Pequim, setembro de 2012



3 - Mas para mim o que define de forma mais clara Mao é a forma como ele tratou o imperador, Aisin-Gioro Puyi. Mesmo depois de Puyi ter sido usado desde 1934 até 1945 como fantoche pelos japoneses, que o fizeram imperador do Estado de Manchukuo o que facilmente poderia servido para o executar como traidor, Mao Zedong quis reabilitá-lo e enviou-o para a prisão onde foi declarado reintegrado passados 10 anos e libertado. Trabalhou depois no jardim botânico de Pequim. Vale a pena ler a descrição do que se passou:

"When the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong came to power in 1949, Puyi was repatriated to China after negotiations between the Soviet Union and China. Except for a period during the Korean War, when he was moved to Harbin, Puyi spent ten years in the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre in Liaoning province until he was declared reformed. Puyi came to Peking in 1959 with special permission from Chairman Mao Zedong and lived the next six months in an ordinary Peking residence with his sister before being transferred to a government-sponsored hotel. He voiced his support for the Communists and worked at the Peking Botanical Gardens. At the age of 56, he married Li Shuxian, a hospital nurse, on 30 April 1962, in a ceremony held at the Banquet Hall of the Consultative Conference.

From 1964 until his death he worked as an editor for the literary department of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, where his monthly salary was around 100 yuan. With encouragement from Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai, and openly endorsed by the Chinese government, Puyi wrote his autobiography "Wo De Qian Ban Sheng"  literally "The First Half of My Life"; translated in English as "From Emperor to Citizen" in the 1960s together with Li Wenda, an editor of Peking's People Publishing Bureau.

(...) Mao Zedong started the Cultural Revolution in 1966, and the youth militia known as the Red Guards saw Puyi, who symbolised Imperial China, as an easy target of attack. Puyi was placed under protection by the local public security bureau and, although his food rations, salary, and various luxuries, including his sofa and desk, were removed, he was not publicly humiliated as was common at the time. But by now, Puyi had aged and began to decline. He died in Peking of complications arising from kidney cancer and heart disease on 17 October 1967 at the age of 61."


Acho esta história extraordinária, de uma sabedoria e sensibilidade enormes, especialmente se compararmos com a brutal morte do Czar Nicolau II e toda as sua família às mãos da revolução russa.
Aliás também na forma como lidavam com os opositores políticos se notavam diferenças: os soviéticos faziam "desaparecer" os opositores através da Tcheka depois de os torturarem, criando terror entre o povo. Já os chineses faziam preferencialmente julgamentos e execuções públicas que serviam para que o povo percebesse a razão de ser das mesmas.

Talvez esta diferença de comportamento perante os opositores ajude a explicar porque é que Mao ainda é querido entre o povo chinês e o Partido Comunista Chinês permaneça no poder enquanto a União Soviética ruiu e Estaline é amado por poucos.

Dois outros livros sobre Mao Zedong, mais rigorosos:



Para terminar, não posso deixar de fazer o paralelismo entre o estado apático e passivo em que se encontrava o povo chinês antes da revolução maoista e o estado em que está o povo português neste momento.


sexta-feira, 22 de fevereiro de 2013

As contradições, o ideal quimérico e a análise científica


Nietzsche e Mao: contraditório... ou talvez não.


"Contradiction and struggle are universal and absolute, but the methods of resolving contradictions, that is, the forms of struggle, differ according to the differences in the nature of the contradictions. Some contradictions are characterized by open antagonism and others are not. In accordance with the concrete development of things, some contradictions, which were originally non-antagonistic, develop into antagonistic ones, while others which were originally antagonistic develop into non-antagonistic ones."

Mao Tse-Tung
"On Contradiction" (August 1937), Selected Works, Vol. I, p 344.
 

"Tenho grandes suspeitas e muitas reservas maldosas em relação ao que se chama ideal. O meu pessimismo está em ter reconhecido que os grandes sentimentos são uma fonte de infelicidades; ou seja, de estiolamento, de desvalorização do Homem. Sempre que esperamos dum ideal algum progresso, entramos na ilusão: a vitória do ideal tem sofrido, até hoje, um movimento retrógrado.
Cristianismo, revolução, abolição da escravatura, igualdade de direitos, filantropia, amor ao inimigo, justiça, verdade... Tudo grandes palavras, que só têm valor nas batalhas ou nas bandeiras: não como realidades, mas como fórmulas aparatosas, que exprimem o contrário do que dizem.
Afinal, o nosso idealismo quimérico faz também parte da existência, e também deve manifestar-se no carácter da existência; não sendo a fonte da existência, nem por isso deixa de estar presente nela. Tanto os nossos pensamentos mais elevados como os mais temerários são fragmentos característicos da realidade. Porque, o nosso pensamento é feito de características da realidade; o nosso pensamento é feito da mesma substância de todas as coisas."

Friedrich Nietzsche


 
 
"Inevitably, the bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie will give expression to their own ideologies. Inevitably, they will stubbornly express themselves on political and ideological questions by every possible means. You cannot expect them to do otherwise. We should not use the method of suppression and prevent them from expressing themselves, but should allow them to do so and at the same time argue with them and direct appropriate criticism at them. We must undoubtedly criticize wrong ideas of every description. It certainly would not be right to refrain from criticism, look on while wrong ideas spread unchecked and allow them to monopolize the field. Mistakes must be criticized and poisonous weeds fought wherever they crop up. However, such criticism should not be dogmatic, and the metaphysical method should not be used, but efforts should be made to apply the dialectical method. What is needed is scientific analysis and convincing argument."
 
Mao Tse-Tung
On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (February 27, 1957), 1st pocket ed., pp. 55-56.
 

sexta-feira, 7 de setembro de 2012

Revolution

 
"A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery."   Mao Tse-Tung


"Revelation can be more perilous than Revolution."   Vladimir Nabokov


"The day is coming when a single carrot, freshly observed, will set off a revolution."
Paul Cézanne
 

"We used to think that revolutions are the cause of change. Actually it is the other way around: change prepares the ground for revolution."    Eric Hoffer
 

"You can never have a revolution in order to establish a democracy. You must have a democracy in order to have a revolution."    Gilbert K. Chesterton
 
 
"Listen, the next revolution is gonna be a revolution of ideas."     Bill Hicks
 

"I began revolution with 82 men. If I had to do it again, I do it with 10 or 15 and absolute faith. It does not matter how small you are if you have faith and plan of action."    Fidel Castro


"A revolution is a struggle to the death between the future and the past."   Fidel Castro
 

"All civilization has from time to time become a thin crust over a volcano of revolution."     Havelock Ellis