Deste excelente artigo:
"(...) Mao goes even a step further and moves beyond humanity itself,
forecasting, in a proto-Nietzschean way, the "overcoming" of man.
"The life of dialectics is the continuous movement toward opposites. Mankind will also finally meet its doom. When the theologians talk about doomsday, they are pessimistic and terrify people. We say the end of mankind is something which will produce something more advanced than mankind. Mankind is still in its infancy."
- and, even more, the rise of (some) animals themselves (what we consider today as exclusively human) level of consciousness:
"In the future, animals will continue to develop. I don't believe that men alone are capable of having two hands. Can't horses, cows, sheep evolve? Can only monkeys evolve? And can it be, moreover, that of all the monkeys only one species can evolve, and all the others are incapable of evolving? In a million years, ten million years, will horses, cows and sheep still be the same as those today? I think they will continue to change. Horses, cows, sheep, and insects will all change."
Two things should be added to this "cosmic perspective"; first,
one should remember that Mao is here talking to the inner circle of party
ideologists. This is what accounts for the tone of sharing a secret not to be
rendered public, as if Mao is divulging his "secret teaching" - and,
effectively, Mao's speculations closely echo the so-called "bio-cosmism," the
strange combination of vulgar materialism and Gnostic spirituality which formed
occult shadow-ideology, the obscene secret teaching, of the Soviet Marxism.
Repressed out of the public sight in the central period of the Soviet state,
bio-cosmism was openly propagated only in the first and in the last two decades
of the Soviet rule; its main theses are: the goals of religion (collective
paradise, overcoming of all suffering, full individual immortality, resurrection
of the dead, victory over time and death, conquest of space far beyond the solar
system) can be realized in terrestrial life through the development of modern
science and technology. In the future, not only will sexual difference be
abolished, with the rise of chaste post-humans reproducing themselves through
direct bio-technical reproduction; it will also be possible to resurrect all the
dead of the past (establishing their biological formula through their remains
and then re-engendering them - at that time, DNA was not yet known...), thus
even erasing all past injustices, "undoing" past suffering and destruction. In
this bright bio-political Communist future, not only humans, but also animals,
all living being, will participate in a directly collectivized Reason of the
cosmos... Whatever one can hold against Lenin's ruthless critique of Maxim
Gorky's the "construction of God (bogograditelk'stvo)," the direct
deification of man, one should bear in mind that Gorky himself collaborated with
bio-cosmists. It is interesting to note resemblances between this "bio-cosmism"
and today's techno-gnosis. - Second, this "cosmic perspective" is for Mao not
just an irrelevant philosophical caveat; it has precise ethico-political
consequences. When Mao high-handedly dismisses the threat of the atomic bomb, he
is not down-playing the scope of the danger - he is fully aware that nuclear war
may led to the extinction of humanity as such, so, to justify his defiance, he
has to adopt the "cosmic perspective" from which the end of life on Earth "would
hardly mean anything to the universe as a whole":
"The United States cannot annihilate the Chinese nation with its small stack of atom bombs. Even if the U.S. atom bombs were so powerful that, when dropped on China, they would make a hole right through the earth, or even blow it up, that would hardly mean anything to the universe as a whole, though it might be a major event for the solar system."
This "cosmic perspective" also grounds Mao's dismissive
attitude towards the human costs of economic and political endeavors. If one is
to believe Mao's latest biography, he caused the greatest famine in history by exporting
food to Russia to buy nuclear and arms industries: 38 million people were
starved and slave-driven to death in 1958-61. Mao knew exactly what was
happening, saying: "half of China may well have to die." This is instrumental
attitude at its most radical: killing as part of a ruthless attempt to realize
goal, reducing people to disposable means - and what one should bear in mind is
that the Nazi holocaust was NOT the same: the killing of the Jews not part of a
rational strategy, but a self-goal, a meticulously planned "irrational" excess
(recall the deportation of the last Jews from Greek islands in 1944, just before
the German retreat, or the massive use of trains for transporting Jews instead
of war materials in 1944). This is why Heidegger is wrong when he reduces
holocaust to the industrial production of corpses: it was NOT that, Stalinist
Communism was that.(...)"
De certa forma Mao era um "Nietzschean", mas não no sentido que a série de ficção científica Andrómeda deu à palavra, claro, que este pessoal autor de ficção científica é muito inventivo...
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“To be nobody but yourself in a world which is doing its best day and night to make you like everybody else means to fight the hardest battle which any human being can fight and never stop fighting.” E.E. Cummings
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